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An image sensor is a device that converts a visual image to an electric signal. It is used chiefly in digital cameras and other imaging devices. It is usually an array of charge-coupled devices (CCD) or CMOS sensors such as active pixel sensors.
There are several main types of color image sensors, differing by the means of the color separation mechanism:
Special sensors are used for various applications. The most important are the sensors for thermal imaging, creation of multi-spectral images, gamma cameras, sensor arrays for x-rays, and highly sensitive arrays for astronomy.